Abstract:

Nanotechnology has rapidly increased into all areas of science,  that has offered significant alternative ways to resolve scientific and medical problems and questions. In dentistry, nanotechnology has been utilized in the development of restorative materials with some significant success. Curcuma longa is a vital medicinal plant and a spice in Asia. Due to its wide range of biological & pharmacological effects, "the hydrophobic bioactive molecule curcumin (diferuloylmethane)" has garnered a great deal of interest in recent years. A number of issues, including its fast metabolism, limited water solubility, and poor bioavailability, prevent it from being used effectively in medicine. Because of its limitations, researchers have sought out more effective delivery strategies, such as nanoencapsulation, to augment curcumin's biological & pharmacological effects. So far, research and existing literature have demonstrated that nanorange curcumin formulations have a moderating potential, which improves all of curcumin's biological & pharmacological effects. Nanocurcumin can be synthesized using a variety of methods, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. There have been numerous attempts to improve curcumin delivery through the development of nano formulations. In order to overcome restrictions, the dental sector is exploring the utilization of nanotechnology to build more efficient delivery systems. The therapeutic effects and several dental applications of curcumin nanoformulations are covered in the review. This summary aims to provide a concise overview of the safety considerations and forthcoming research that will be necessary to further establish nCur as a potential natural remedy for dental disease and to enhance regeneration.

Keywords Antioxidant; Anti-microbial; Anti-tumoral; Drug delivery; Curcum

Abstract:

Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer among women, is a major public health issue. It is projected that there were 1,384,155 new cases of breast cancer worldwide, resulting in around 459,000 deaths. Breast cancer has considerable diversity in its pathological characteristics, with some cases showing a moderate progression pattern and a positive outlook, while others are marked by aggressive tumor behavior. Current projections and data suggest that the global prevalence of breast cancer and the corresponding mortality rate are on the rise. According to the 2012 GLOBOCAN data, more than 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, leading to 522,000 fatalities. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer have increased by 18% compared to 2008. According to the American Cancer Society, the likelihood of a woman in the United States acquiring breast cancer throughout her lifetime is 1 in 8. Projections suggest that the worldwide incidence of female breast cancer is expected to increase to around 3.2 million new cases per year by 2050. This report provides information on the prevalence of breast cancer, its global impact, and the urgent need for prevention and treatment measures. Despite the progress made in medical sciences and healthcare, which have allowed for the early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent them from spreading, there are still many unanswered questions about the specific molecular mechanisms that make certain forms of this illness more aggressive. Epidemiological studies highlight the utmost need of addressing socio-economic concerns to guarantee fair access to comprehensive medical care for all women, encompassing screening and advanced treatment. The global burden of breast cancer can only be decreased via immediate and decisive action.

Keywords: Breast cancer; epidemiology; etiology.

Abstract:

The initial stage in the metastatic cancers spread involves the migration of cancer cells into the surrounding tissue and vascular. Recent advancements in imaging techniques, the utilization of model systems as three-dimensional, and the implementation of microarray technology have provided novel perspectives on these phenomena. This study has posed a challenge to our existing understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the motility of cancer cells. It has provided evidence that cancer cells exhibit many modes of movement. The connections between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as their migration, are facilitated by adhesion receptors that enable them to tissue barriers. Significant advancements have been achieved in the study of tumor cell migration and the subsequent restructuring of the matrix.

 Keywords: Cancer, Cancer cell, Mechanisms, invasion.

Abstract:

The skin acts as a physical barrier to prevent infection. Skin damage can occur for a variety of reasons, including disease, surgery, and burns. The process of wound healing is complex and consists of four major phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Interruption or delay at any of these stages can result in chronic scarring, affecting individual health and quality of life. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotics, making these drugs less effective. Thus, new antimicrobial agents are needed for effective antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances in wound dressing have brought new therapeutic agents such as probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the patient. Probiotics have shown promising effects in wound healing by modifying the wound microenvironment, preventing and treating infections, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, increasing blood vessel formation and collagen formation, stimulating immunity of activity is increased, competing with bacteria by competitive exclusion in addition as probiotics wound closure, they can also accelerate epithelialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of probiotics on surgical wound healing, including preliminary clinical and clinical evidence. We discuss the mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects, and investigate key findings from experimental and clinical studies, and we report challenges and future directions in this promising field.

Keywords:  Surgical wound; Wound healing; Probiotics; Microbiom; Adjunctive therapy.

Abstract:

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by flagellated protozoans of the genus Leishmania. The disease is widespread in the tropical and subtropical areas and found in 88 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia and America Especially in the poorest areas However, over 90% of new cases occur in just 13 countries Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Peru, South Sudan, Sudan and Syria. The number of individuals affected by this threating disease placed secondly after malaria in the tropical area It is estimated that between 0.9 and 1.7 million people are newly infected every year, but only a small fraction of them will develop the disease and 20,000–30,000 will eventually die. Unfortunately, Chemotherapy treatment and vector control is the only procedures to reduce and control leishmaniasis, witches Unsuitable due to their high toxicity and the appearance of drug resistance. The Recovery from this disease renders the host resistant to the next infection. Therefore, in recent years, many efforts were made to identify novel immunological targets to produce safe and effective vaccines against leishmaniasis. In this review we will highlight recent advancements in the development of vaccines to prevent and/or treat leishmaniasis and discuss future prospects.

Keywords:  Leishmaniasis; protozoans; immunological targets; vaccines.

Abstract:

Over the last decade, the field of ovarian transplantation has significantly progressed, becoming applicable in humans. Constant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer disease has increased the number and prognosis of cancer survivors. However, the toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on ovarian function have resulted in premature ovarian failure. Patients are, therefore, still expecting methods to be developed to preserve their fertility successfully. Ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) is the fertility preservation approach that can restore ovarian endocrine function and natural fertility.

Key words: Xenotransplantation, ovarian tissue transplantation, in vitro maturation, ovarian tissue, cancer, fertility preservation.