Abstract:

There is different type of journals among them are scientific journals, journals about arts and commerce, journals of different subjects. There are likewise self-journals where to compose the rundown of everyday advancement. Logical Journals are set up for the advancement of science and utilizing them towards greater obtainment and research. It helps the academicians, understudies, researchers, and different people refreshed and learning driven vision. It cannot be denied that the world is quickly moving from quick to quickest and individuals are devouring increasingly more substance for their examination as in like a melody which is intended to be composed. Thus, Journal perusing is of such significance.

Keywords: Reading, Updating, Journal Reading, Knowledge Benefits, Reading Importance.

Abstract:

Breast lumps are the most common breast problems among young females in developing countries. Proper diagnosis of breast lumps in young women should be taken seriously as the diagnosis in this age group is more challenging. The present study aims to describe the different patterns of breast lumps among young Libyan females and identify their related risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study included Libyan women younger than 40 years and who attended the breast clinic at Tripoli central hospital over a period of 14 months including the conduction of a pilot study. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Among a total of 350 included patients, 15 (4.3%) had breast cancer, and 335 (95.7%) had benign breast diseases, of which, 145 (41.4%) were fibroadenomas and 110 (31.4%) were breast cysts. The mean age of breast cancer cases and those with benign breast diseases was 36.53±2.89 and 26.96± 6.34 years, respectively. There was a statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the type of breast disease and age, age at menarche, lack of breast feeding, overweight, stress, and positive family history of cancers. This study concludes that benign breast diseases are the most common breast lesions among young Libyan females, particularly, fibroadenomas. Singularity, null parity, lack of breast feeding, obesity, and exposure to stress were the most common risk factors of breast diseases among this age group.

Keywords: breast lumps, young women, breast lumps pattern, breast cancer, benign lumps.

Abstract:

Chrysophyllum albidum (ACA) commonly known as African star apple is common in the rural part of Nigeria. Infertility is a world leading problem among reproductive aged adults. This present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of star apple seeds on the ovary and sex hormones of female wistar rats. Sixteen female rats weighing about 120-180g were distributed into four groups each containing four rats. Group A was the control and received feed and water. Groups B, C and D received 100mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of ACA respectively by oral cannula. At the termination of the experiment, the animals were weighed, and blood was collected for the analysis of estradiol and FSH while the ovaries were harvested, weighed, and processed for histopathological studies. Results show that there was no significant increase in the body weight of animals in any of the groups. The relative ovarian weight was higher in the test groups compared with the control group. FSH was insignificantly higher in test groups but estradiol was lower. Histological finding showed reduced maturity of ovarian follicle and a progressive distortion of tissue architecture in the test groups. Results indicate that star apple causes reduced fertility.

Keywords: Chrysophyllum albidum, Estradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Ovarian Follicle, Histopathology.

Abstract:

Understanding hydrological behavior is an important part of effective watershed management and planning. Runoff resulted from rainfall is a component of hydrological behavior that is needed for efficient water resource planning. In this paper, GIS based SCS-CN runoff simulation model was applied to estimate rainfall runoff in Awash river basin. Global Curve Number (GCN250), Maximum Soil Water Retention (S) and Rainfall was used as an input for SCS-CN runoff simulation model. The final surface runoff values for the Awash river basin were generated based on total annual rainfall and maximum soil water retention potential (S) of the year 2020. Accordingly, a runoff variation that range from 83.95 mm/year to a maximum of 1,416.75 mm/year were observed in the study region. Conversely, recently developed Global Curve Number (GCN250) data was tested with Pearson correlation coefficient to be used as an input for SCS-CN runoff simulation model. In doing so, predicted runoff generated in SCS-CN using GCN250 as a model input was validated with observed runoff obtained from station gauges in the study region. The results of validation show that, predicted runoff was well correlated with observed runoff with correlation coefficient of 0.9253. From this standpoint, it is observed that the new GCN250 data can be used as an input for SCS-CN model to estimate rainfall runoff at basin level. Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to explain the relationship between mean annual rainfall and surface runoff. The relationship between these two variables indicates a strong linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.9873.

Keywords: Global Curve Number (GCN250), Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) Maximum Soil Water Retention (S), Runoff, Geographic Information System (GIS)

Abstract:

This paper aims to analyze the constitutional and legal provision of public health in Nepal. Furthermore, this paper tries to analyze the role of local governments on COVID-19 management and tries to compare its constitutional jurisdiction elaborating the importance of the local governments in federal structure. This study tried to analyze the health-related provisions on the Constitution of Nepal, Infectious Disease Act, 1964 and the Public Health Service Act, 2018 comparing it to the practice by the local governments while fighting with the COVID-19 pandemic. The desk review research methods used in the study included the review of the literatures from different sources based on secondary sources of data collection (including media reporting) only. Firstly, this paper identifies the need of drafting a new act to control the epidemic situation. Secondly, this paper identifies the fact that the local governments are not confined within the constitutional jurisdiction only during corona virus crisis management, hence, redefining the power and authority under schedule 8 of the Constitution of Nepal is also important. Thirdly, this paper identifies that the effective role of local governments to fight COVID-19 pandemic illustrating local governments as the heart of the federalism.

Keywords: Local Government; COVID-19; Federalism.