Abstract:

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching according to Cognitive Load Theory on improving learning outcomes and sustainable cognitive retention in chemistry among upper basic stage female students in Jordan. The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach based on a two-equivalent-group design (experimental and control), with pre-tests, immediate post-tests, and delayed post-tests.The study sample consisted of 60 ninth-grade female students from Sama Al-Sarhan Secondary School for Girls, affiliated with the Directorate of Education of the North Western Badia, during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (30 students) that studied the "Chemical Reactions" unit using four strategies derived from Cognitive Load Theory, and a control group (30 students) that studied the same unit using the conventional method.The researcher developed an achievement test consisting of 25 objective and essay items, after verifying its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.91). It was administered as a pre-test to ensure equivalence, as an immediate post-test to measure learning outcomes, and as a delayed post-test (after eight weeks) to measure sustainable cognitive retention.The results showed statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of the two groups in favor of the experimental group on both the immediate and delayed post-tests, with a high effect size (Eta squared η² = 0.68). The study recommended adopting the principles of Cognitive Load Theory when designing science curricula and training chemistry teachers in cognitive-load management skills.

Keywords: Cognitive Load Theory, Learning Outcomes, Sustainable Cognitive Retention, Chemistry Teaching, Upper Basic Stage.

Abstract:

Hydrogen is considered a global trend towards the energy of the future, and its production is characterized by the multiplicity of methods that can be used. Therefore, a comprehensive study of these methods and the research conducted on them is necessary to develop a future vision for their development through integration with the global trend towards renewable energy and artificial intelligence. This study is based on a comprehensive review and analysis of recent studies on three main methods used in hydrogen production. These methods represent a historical sequence of their emergence and ongoing development. The study recommends further research in the field of hydrogen energy, focusing on alternative energy sources as the necessary thermal energy source, while leveraging artificial intelligence to develop intelligent production systems. The study presents proposed prototypes for such an integration of hydrogen production, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence within the three methods on which this study is based: Acidic Corrosion of Metals, Thermal Decomposition of Water, Thermochemical Water Splitting.

 Keywords: Hydrogen Production, Acidic Corrosion of Metals, Thermal Decomposition of Water, Thermochemical Water Splitting, Artificial Intelligence.